SENATE / RIVER GOD - Genius Populi Romani, ROMAN PROVINCIAL 100 AD Coin GGcoins

Description

Roman Provincial coin
Uncertain province in Asia Minor
Circa;  1st - 2nd. Century AD.
.
Genius Senatus;
(younger representation) of the Senate..
Ancient
Roman Provincial coin
:
Size:
(19.mm).
Weight:
(4.2gm.)
Description:
Obverse:
ΙΕΡΑΣ  ΣΥΝΚΛΗ   Genius Senatus;
(younger representation) of the Senate..
.
Reverse:
River God
of which there are many, this
coin is unpublished & inscription is unreadable...
Reference:
No published examples found
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History of Coin:
In several provinces of Asia minor the Senate was perceived as an important political and legislative institution..
During the integration of Roman provinces and its inhabitants into the Roman empire and also how
Rome was integrated into the provincial environment. It is not about empire-wide integration, but
locally circumscribed according to political organization and frequently at city level.
One should not be limited to ask what was integrated, but the question of How - which actions took
place - and who initiated those.
A concrete example is given about the integration of the specific Roman institution “Senate” into the
cultic context of the Poleis in Asia Minor, pointing out actors and actions to incorporate the Senate into
this specific socio-cultural environment.
Senatus – ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΣ
In contrast to other Roman institutions, the senate as object of cultic worship has characteristics that
allow for a clearer differentiation between Roman and Greek view. The most important characteristic is
linguistic: In contrast to the Latin senatus, the Greek Σύγκλητος is feminine, thus being the full
denomination Ἱερὰ Σύγκλητος (to complement with Βουλή.
The gender change had natural consequences for the representation of the Senate god (Senatsgottheit)
in Asia Minor, since given the grammatical gender, actually a female personification ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΣ ΒΟΥΛΗ
or ΙΕΡΑ ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΣ is to be expected.
Therefore, it is understandable that despite the origin of the institution in the capital city, the personification
as Genius Senatus was not adopted. The Genius Senatus has a fixed iconography by no later than the
Flavian time.
He is always represented as an old man with beard, long ideal features, locks of hair and wearing a toga.
As the personification of the res publica the Genius Senatus usually appears with the markedly younger
Genius Populi Romani, one of the earliest witnesses are the Cancelleria-Reliefs. The Genius Senatus basically
differs in clothing and style of beard from most of the other genius that are represented as young men.
This Roman city representation was not used in Asia Minor, but a female image according to the Greek
usage was not conceived either, in analogy to representations of council meetings like Boulê or Gerousia.
The cultic worship of a political council appears at first more astonishing than the worship of a person like an
emperor; however, the Roman senate as a cult receiver has been proved without a doubt.
In Asia as a senatorial province, the senate was perceived as an important political and legislative instance,
particularly the honorific titles like Neokoros were awarded by the Senate. Therefore, it is understandable that
still in Imperial times in interactions with Rome and also under the Poleis the Senate was perceived of crucial
importance.
Even though the Senate surely was worshiped at city level under Augustus, the establishment as a provincial
cult finally took place under Tiberius in Smyrna, where a temple was dedicated to Tiberius, the emperor mother
Livia and the Senate as is told by Tacitus. Kienast convincingly interprets Tacitus stating that the Syncletos
cult dates back to Tiberius. The foundation of this temple is shown on a coin from Smyrna...
It is unlikely that a personification of Syncletos as young man existed already in the Augustean time.
Surprisingly, the iconography corresponds not to the later Genius Senatus type, but rather to the Genius Populi
Romani. The best parallels to the youthful, long-haired busts are to be found on one of the famous Boscoreale
cups or already on the Ara Pacis. The new and quickly adopted usual type of the young genius with
shoulder-long hair was therefore elaborated under Augustus, while the Genius Senatus as a personification
of the Senate is a later invention.
______________________________________________________________________
The Coin:
A very pleasing example of a Roman Provincial coin
it saw some use before it found a safe place
to wait out the centuries.
Always Guaranteed Authentic, I have never knowingly sold a copy or reproduction!
As grading
is subjective please Judge the coin photos to determine this for yourself.
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