OTACILIA SEVERA Philip I WIFE Kallatis Thrace DIOSCURI RARE Roman Coin i60350

Description

Item:
i60350
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Otacilia Severa - Roman Empress: 244-249 A.D.
Wife of Philip I 'the Arab'
Bronze 25mm (7.74 grams) of Kallatis in Thrace
Reference: Moushmov 352
Μ ΩTAKIΛ CEVHPA AVΓ, draped bust right.
KAΛΛΑTIANΝ, the Dioscuri standing facing, holding spears and their horses by the reins, facing center, Γ above.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
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Gemini
is one of the
constellations
of the
zodiac
. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer
Ptolemy
and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is
Latin
for "
twins
," and it is associated with the twins
Castor and Pollux
in
Greek mythology
. Its symbol is
(
Unicode ♊
).
In
Greek
and
Roman mythology
,
Pollux
and
Castor
or
Polydeuces
were twin brothers, together known as the
Dioskouri
. Their mother was
Leda
, but Castor was the mortal son of
Tyndareus
, the king of Sparta, and Pollux the divine son of
Zeus
, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters
Helen of Troy
and
Clytemnestra
.
In Latin the twins are also known as the
Gemini
or
Castores
. When Castor was killed, Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation
Gemini
. The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as
St. Elmo's fire
, and were also associated with horsemanship.
They are sometimes called the
Tyndaridae
or
Tyndarids
, later seen as a reference to their father and stepfather
Tyndareus
.
Mangalia
(
Romanian pronunciation:
Greek
:
Callatis, Panglicara
, other historical names:
Pangalia
,
Tomisovara
) is a city and a port on the
Romanian
coast of the
Black Sea
in the south-east of
Constanţa County
.
//
History
A
Greek
colony named
Callatis (Kallatis)
was founded in 6th century BC by the city of
Heraclea Pontica
. Its first silver coinage was minted approximately 350 BC. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general
Lucullus
and was assigned to the Roman province of
Moesia Inferior
. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors
Septimius Severus
and
Caracalla
continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the third century AD but recovered in the 4th century AD to retain its status as an important trade hub and port city.
Since the 9th century it was known by the Turks as
Pangalia
, by the Romanians as
Tomisovara
and by the Greeks as
Panglicara
and it was one of the most important ports on the west coast of the Black Sea. Mangalia (former Callatis) is the oldest city, continuously inhabited, on the present territory of Romania.
Geography and climate
Mangalia is positioned at 43°49’
latitude
and 28°35’
longitude
, with an approximate
elevation
of 10 meters, 44 km south of the municipality of
Constanţa
, on the same latitude as the French resort of
Nice
. Mangalia is one of the southernmost resorts on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea.
Mangalia is characterized by a moderate maritime
climate
(annual average temperature 11°C - one of the highest in Romania) with hot summers (July average over 21°C) and mild winters (January average 1°C), Mangalia being the country's second place, after
Băile Herculane
, with positive average temperatures in wintertime. Spring comes early but is cool and autumn is long and warm. In summer, cloudiness is reduced (about 25 sunny days in a month) and the duration of sunshine is of 10–12 hours a day. Annual
precipitation
is low (about 400 mm).
The sea
breeze
is stronger in summer. The natural cure factors are the water of the Black Sea, which is chlorided, sulphated, sodic, magnesian, hypotonic (mineralization 15.5g), the sulphurous, chlorided, bicarbonated, sodic, calcic, mesothermal (21-28°C) mineral waters of the
springs
in the northern part of the city, in the area of the beach between Saturn and Venus, the sulphurous peat mud, rich in minerals, which is extracted from the peat bog north of the city (expected to last another 250 years) and the marine climate, rich in saline aerosols and
solar radiation
that have a bracing effect on the
organism
.
The resort has a large, fine-sand beach developed for purposes of
aeroheliotherapy
and wave therapy, as well as high
seawalls
with a specific microclimate where one may benefit from
inhalations
of saline
aerosols
having therapeutic effects.
Marcia Otacilia Severa
or
Otacilia Severa
was the Empress of
Rome
and wife of
Emperor
Marcus Julius Philippus or
Philip the Arab
who reigned over the
Roman Empire
from 244 to 249.
Severa was a member of the ancient
gens
Otacilius
who were people of consular and senatorial rank. Severa’s father was Otacilius Severus or Severianus, who served as Roman Governor of
Macedonia
and
Moesia
, while her mother was a member of gens
Marcius
or was related to the gens. According to sources she had a brother called Severianus, who served as Roman Governor of Lower
Moesia
between 246-247.
Little is known on her life before marrying Philip. In 234, Severa married Philip who served in the
Praetorian Guard
under Emperor
Alexander Severus
. Severa had two children with Philip: a son named Marcus Julius Philippus Severus or
Philippus II
(born in 238) and - according to numismatic evidence - a daughter called Julia Severa or Severina, who is never mentioned by the ancient Roman sources.
In February 244,
Gordian III
was killed in Mesopotamia. There is a possibility that Severa was involved in a conspiracy to murder Gordian. Philip became the new emperor who gave his young predecessor a proper funeral and his ashes were returned to
Rome
for burial.
Philip gave Severa the honorific title of
Augusta
. Their son was made heir of the purple. Sometimes Severa and Philip are considered as the first Christian imperial couple, because during their reign the persecutions of Christians had ceased and the couple had become tolerant towards the faith of the Christians. Through her intervention, she saved Bishop and Saint
Babylas of Antioch
from persecution.
In August 249, Philip had died in battle in Verona and
Decius (emperor)
became the new emperor. Severa was in Rome that time. When the news of Philip’s death had reached Rome, Severa’s son was murdered by the
Praetorian Guard
. The child died in her arms. Severa survived her husband and son and lived later in obscurity. Her later life is unknown.
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