GORDIAN III & TRANQUILLINA 238AD Anchialus in Thrace NEMESIS Roman Coin i50911

Description

Item:
i50911
Authentic Ancient Roman Coin of:
Gordian III -
Roman Emperor
: 238-244 A.D. -
Gordian III & Tranquillina
Bronze Tetrassarion 26mm (10.33 grams) of Anchialus
in Thrace
Reference: AMNG I –; Varbanov 725 var. (obv. legend)
AVT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ CЄB TPAHKVΛEINA, laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Gordian III on left facing right toward draped bust of Tranquillina facing left wearing stephane on right.
ΟVΛΠΙΑΝΩΝ AГХIAΛEΩN,
Nemesis
standing left holding rod; wheel to left.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
In
Greek mythology
,
Nemesis
(
Greek
, Νέμεσις), also called
Rhamnousia/Rhamnusia
("the
goddess
of
Rhamnous
") at her sanctuary at
Rhamnous
, north of
Marathon
, was the spirit of divine
retribution
against those who succumb to
hubris
(arrogance before the gods). The Greeks personified vengeful
fate
as a remorseless goddess. The name
Nemesis
is related to the
Greek
word νέμειν [némein], meaning "to give what is due". The
Romans
equated the Greek Nemesis with
Invidia
. (
Aronoff 2003
).
"Nemesis" is now often used as a term to describe one's worst
enemy
, normally someone or something that is the exact opposite of oneself but is also somehow similar. For example,
Professor Moriarty
is frequently described as the nemesis of
Sherlock Holmes
.
Pomorie
(
Bulgarian
:
Поморие
; formerly known as Αγχίαλος
Anchialos
in
Greek
,
Anchialus
in
Latin
) is a town and seaside resort in southeastern
Bulgaria
, located on a narrow rocky peninsula in
Burgas Bay
on the southern
Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
. It is located in
Burgas Province
20 km from
Burgas
and 18 km from
Sunny Beach
. The ultrasaline lagoon
Lake Pomorie
, the northernmost of the
Burgas Lakes
, lies in the immediate proximity. It is the center of
Pomorie Municipality
.
Pomorie is an ancient city and today an important tourist destination. As of September 2005 it has a population of 14,600 and the mayor is Petar Zlatanov. It lies at
42.55°N 27.65°E
 /
42.55; 27.65
 / 
42°33′N
27°39′E
.
Possibly founded in the 5th or 4th century BC as a colony of Apollonia (today
Sozopol
), Anchialos was mentioned in
Strabo
's
Geographica
as a small town. It was briefly captured by Messembria (
Nesebar
) in the 2nd century BC, but reconquered by Apollonia and its fortified walls destroyed. The name
Anchialos
is derived from
Ancient Greek
"anchi-" ("near, close to") and "als-" (either "salt" or a poetic and uncommon word for "sea").
The western Black Sea coast was ultimately conquered by the
Romans
under
Marcus Licinius Crassus
in 29-28 BC after continuous campaigns in the area since 72-71. The fortified wall was meanwhile rebuilt, as evidenced by
Ovid
in 9 AD en route to
Tomis
. In the early 1st century AD Anchialos was the centre of a
strategia
of the vassal
Odrysian kingdom
, and the town had a
Thracian
population in the 6th century AD according to the early
Byzantine
historian
Procopius
. As the Odrysian kingdom's self-independence was abolished in 45 AD, Anchialos became part of the
Roman province
of
Thrace
and was formally proclaimed a city under Emperor
Trajan
. At the time the city controlled a vast territory bordering that of Augusta Trajana (
Stara Zagora
) and reaching the
Tundzha
to the west, bordering that of Messembria to the north and the southern shore of
Lake Burgas
to the south. Anchialos acquired the appearance of a Roman city and thrived considerably in the 2nd and 3rd century under the
Severan Dynasty
, seving as the most important import and export station of Thrace.
Furia Sabinia Tranquillina
or
Sabinia Tranquillina
(ca 225 - aft. 244) was the
Empress of Rome
and wife of Emperor
Gordian III
. She was the young daughter of the
Praetorian
Prefect
Timesitheus
by an unknown wife.
In 241 her father was appointed the head of the Praetorian Guard by the Roman Emperor
Gordian III
. In May that year, Tranquillina had married Gordian. She became a Roman Empress and received the honorific title of
Augusta
. Her marriage to Gordian was an admission by the young emperor of both political indispensability of Timesitheus and Tranquillina’s suitability as an empress.
In 243, Tranquillina's father suddenly died and was replaced with
Philip the Arab
, as head of the
Praetorian Guard
. When Gordian was killed in February 244, Philip became the new emperor. Tranquillina survived her husband. She had no sons with him. Christian Settipani suggests that they had a daughter, (Furia) (b. ca 244), most likely posthumous, who married (Marcus Maecius Orfitus) (b. ca 245), son of Marcus Maecius Probus (b. ca 220), married to Pupiena Sextia Paulina Cethegilla (b. ca 225), paternal grandson of
Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus
and maternal grandson of
Marcus Pupienus Africanus
(son of his protector Emperor
Pupienus Maximus
) and wife Cornelia Marullina, by whom she had issue.
Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius
(
January 20
,
225
–
February 11
,
244
), known in
English
as
Gordian III
,
was
Roman Emperor
from 238 to 244. Gordian was the son of
Antonia Gordiana
and his father was an unnamed Roman Senator who died before 238. Antonia Gordiana was the daughter of Emperor
Gordian I
and younger sister of Emperor
Gordian II
. Very little is known on his early life before becoming Roman Emperor. Gordian had assumed the name of his maternal grandfather in 238.
Following the murder of emperor
Alexander Severus
in Moguntiacum (modern
Mainz
), the capital of the
Roman province
Germania Inferior
,
Maximinus Thrax
was acclaimed emperor, despite strong opposition of the
Roman senate
and the majority of the population. In response to what was considered in Rome as a rebellion, Gordian's grandfather and uncle, Gordian I and II, were proclaimed joint emperors in the
Africa Province
. Their revolt was suppressed within a month by Cappellianus, governor of
Numidia
and a loyal supporter of Maximinus Thrax. The elder Gordians died, but public opinion cherished their memory as peace loving and literate men, victims of Maximinus' oppression.
Meanwhile, Maximinus was on the verge of marching on Rome and the Senate elected
Pupienus
and
Balbinus
as joint emperors. These senators were not popular men and the population of Rome was still shocked by the elder Gordian's fate, so that the Senate decided to take the teenager Gordian, rename him Marcus Antonius Gordianus as his grandfather, and raise him to the rank of
Caesar
and imperial heir.
Pupienus
and
Balbinus
defeated Maximinus, mainly due to the defection of several
legions
, namely the
Parthica
II
who assassinated Maximinus. But their joint reign was doomed from the start with popular riots, military discontent and even an enormous fire that consumed Rome in June 238. On
July 29
, Pupienus and Balbinus were killed by the
Praetorian guard
and Gordian proclaimed sole emperor.
Rule
Due to Gordian's age, the imperial government was surrendered to the aristocratic families, who controlled the affairs of Rome through the senate. In 240,
Sabinianus
revolted in the African province, but the situation was dealt quickly. In 241, Gordian was married to Furia Sabinia
Tranquillina
, daughter of the newly appointed praetorian prefect,
Timesitheus
. As chief of the Praetorian guard and father in law of the emperor, Timesitheus quickly became the
de facto
ruler of the Roman empire.
In the 3rd century, the Roman frontiers weakened against the Germanic tribes across the
Rhine
and
Danube
, and the
Sassanid
kingdom across the
Euphrates
increased its own attacks. When the Persians under
Shapur I
invaded
Mesopotamia
, the young emperor opened the doors of the
Temple of Janus
for the last time in Roman history, and sent a huge army to the East. The Sassanids were driven back over the Euphrates and defeated in the
Battle of Resaena
(243). The campaign was a success and Gordian, who had joined the army, was planning an invasion of the enemy's territory, when his father-in-law died in unclear circumstances. Without Timesitheus, the campaign, and the emperor's security, were at risk.
Marcus Julius Philippus, also known as
Philip the Arab
, stepped in at this moment as the new Praetorian Prefect and the campaign proceeded. In the beginning of 244, the Persians counter-attacked. Persian sources claim that a battle was fought (
Battle of Misiche
) near modern
Fallujah
(
Iraq
) and resulted in a major Roman defeat and the death of Gordian III. Roman sources do not mention this battle and suggest that Gordian died far away, upstream of the Euphrates. Although ancient sources often described Philip, who succeeded Gordian as emperor, as having murdered Gordian at Zaitha (Qalat es Salihiyah), the cause of Gordian's death is unknown.
Gordian's youth and good nature, along with the deaths of his grandfather and uncle and his own tragic fate at the hands of another usurper, granted him the everlasting esteem of the Romans. Despite the opposition of the new emperor, Gordian was deified by the Senate after his death, in order to appease the population and avoid riots.
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